South African student protesters and police clashed in renewed violence in Johannesburg on Monday as attempts to re-open Wits University descended into running battles on campus.
Protesters throwing rocks were dispersed by riot police using tear gas, rubber bullets and stun grenades as pressure ratchets up on campuses across the country over tuition.
Unrest has erupted regularly at South African universities in recent months, with Wits and other institutions forced to close temporarily over the last three weeks.